Provenance Lens

What Is C2PA?

A practical guide to C2PA Content Credentials, signed manifests, trust validation and the limits of provenance evidence.

Updated: Published by Provenance Lens

A signed provenance record

C2PA defines a format for signed manifests that can record who issued a claim, which assertions it contains and whether its signature validates.

What validation establishes

Validation can establish that a manifest has not been altered since signing. It does not establish that every statement inside the manifest is true.

What a report cannot prove

  • A valid signature proves who signed a manifest, not that the manifest's claims are true.
  • Metadata is trivially editable. Treat generator fields as an indication, never as proof.
  • Hidden Unicode characters have many innocent causes, including ordinary copy-paste.

Primary sources